When several properties of a DOM (Document Object Model) element must be modified, each style or content change will generate a repaint or a reflow. It is therefore usually more economical to:
- make the element invisible (set display to none) (1 reflow) - modify the element properties and then make it visible again (1 reflow)

Thus resulting in a maximum of 2 reflows.

Stored procedures are more effective and resource efficient than SQL queries sent to the relational database management system (RDBMS) by the application server. There are two reasons for that:
- a stored procedure saves the server from interpreting the query as it is pre-compiled - a stored procedure uses less bandwidth as there is less information transferred between the server and the client

You should therefore utilize this RDBMS function as much as possible.
All recent RDBMS (SQL Server, MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc.) support stored procedures.